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The Battle of Hama was fought some 24 km from the city of Hama in Syria on 29–30 November 903 between the forces of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Qarmatians. The Abbasids were victorious, resulting in the capture and execution of the Qarmatian leadership. This weakened the Qarmatian presence in northern Syria, which was finally eradicated after the suppression of another revolt in 906. More importantly, it paved the way for the Abbasid attack on the autonomous Tulunid dynasty and the reincorporation of the Tulunid domains in southern Syria and Egypt into the Abbasid Caliphate.==Background==The Qarmatians were a radical Isma'ili sect founded in Kufa around 874 by a certain Hamdan Qarmat. Originally a sporadic and minor nuisance in the Sawad, their power grew swiftly to alarming proportions after 897, when they launched a series of uprisings against the Abbasid Caliphate. Denouncing the ''hajj'' and the worship of the Kaaba, as well as the dwelling in cities and the marginalization of the Bedouin as un-Islamic, the Qarmatians began assaulting the other Muslim communities. In this period, the movement was based at Salamiyya on the western edge of the Syrian Desert, and its leadership was assumed by Abdallah, the future founder of the Fatimid Caliphate. Abdallah's claims to be the awaited Mahdi caused a split in the movement in 899, with the majority, including Hamdan Qarmat, rejecting the Fatimid claims and leaving to continue their proselytization elsewhere.The missionary efforts of the remaining Qarmatian movement were redirected beyond the Sawad and quickly bore fruit. Under the leadership of Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, they seized Bahrayn in 899 and in the next year defeated a caliphal army under al-Abbas ibn Amr al-Ghanawi. Another base was established in the area around Palmyra by the missionaries al-Husayn ibn Zikrawayh, known by the name Sahib al-Naqa ("Master of the She-camel") and Yahya, probably al-Husayn's brother, who took the name Sahib al-Shama ("Man with the Mole"). Both in Bahrayn and in Syria, the Qarmatians were able to convert many local Bedouin—the Banu Kalb in Syria and the Banu Kilab and Banu Uqayl in Bahrayn—to their cause, thus acquiring a potent military force. Threatened by the rise of Qarmatian centres around Salamiyya, Abdallah and his followers soon left and travelled secretly to Ifriqiya, where in 909 they would overthrow the ruling Aghlabids and establish the Fatimid state.From their base in the region around Palmyra, the Qarmatians began launching raids against the Abbasid and Tulunid provinces of Syria, with devastating effect. In 902, the Qarmatians defeated the Tulunids under Tughj ibn Juff near al-Raqqah, and laid siege to Damascus. The city was successfully held by Tughj and the Sahib al-Naqa was killed. Leadership passed to the Sahib al-Shama, who led the Qarmatians to ravage Homs, Hama, Ba'albek, Ma'arrat al-Numan and even Salamiyya, where they massacred the members of Abdallah's family that had remained there.
The Battle of Hama was fought some 24 km from the city of Hama in Syria on 29–30 November 903 between the forces of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Qarmatians. The Abbasids were victorious, resulting in the capture and execution of the Qarmatian leadership. This weakened the Qarmatian presence in northern Syria, which was finally eradicated after the suppression of another revolt in 906. More importantly, it paved the way for the Abbasid attack on the autonomous Tulunid dynasty and the reincorporation of the Tulunid domains in southern Syria and Egypt into the Abbasid Caliphate.
==Background==
The Qarmatians were a radical Isma'ili sect founded in Kufa around 874 by a certain Hamdan Qarmat. Originally a sporadic and minor nuisance in the Sawad, their power grew swiftly to alarming proportions after 897, when they launched a series of uprisings against the Abbasid Caliphate. Denouncing the ''hajj'' and the worship of the Kaaba, as well as the dwelling in cities and the marginalization of the Bedouin as un-Islamic, the Qarmatians began assaulting the other Muslim communities. In this period, the movement was based at Salamiyya on the western edge of the Syrian Desert, and its leadership was assumed by Abdallah, the future founder of the Fatimid Caliphate. Abdallah's claims to be the awaited Mahdi caused a split in the movement in 899, with the majority, including Hamdan Qarmat, rejecting the Fatimid claims and leaving to continue their proselytization elsewhere.
The missionary efforts of the remaining Qarmatian movement were redirected beyond the Sawad and quickly bore fruit. Under the leadership of Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, they seized Bahrayn in 899 and in the next year defeated a caliphal army under al-Abbas ibn Amr al-Ghanawi. Another base was established in the area around Palmyra by the missionaries al-Husayn ibn Zikrawayh, known by the name Sahib al-Naqa ("Master of the She-camel") and Yahya, probably al-Husayn's brother, who took the name Sahib al-Shama ("Man with the Mole"). Both in Bahrayn and in Syria, the Qarmatians were able to convert many local Bedouin—the Banu Kalb in Syria and the Banu Kilab and Banu Uqayl in Bahrayn—to their cause, thus acquiring a potent military force. Threatened by the rise of Qarmatian centres around Salamiyya, Abdallah and his followers soon left and travelled secretly to Ifriqiya, where in 909 they would overthrow the ruling Aghlabids and establish the Fatimid state.
From their base in the region around Palmyra, the Qarmatians began launching raids against the Abbasid and Tulunid provinces of Syria, with devastating effect. In 902, the Qarmatians defeated the Tulunids under Tughj ibn Juff near al-Raqqah, and laid siege to Damascus. The city was successfully held by Tughj and the Sahib al-Naqa was killed. Leadership passed to the Sahib al-Shama, who led the Qarmatians to ravage Homs, Hama, Ba'albek, Ma'arrat al-Numan and even Salamiyya, where they massacred the members of Abdallah's family that had remained there.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「The Battle of Hama was fought some 24 km from the city of Hama in Syria on 29–30 November 903 between the forces of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Qarmatians. The Abbasids were victorious, resulting in the capture and execution of the Qarmatian leadership. This weakened the Qarmatian presence in northern Syria, which was finally eradicated after the suppression of another revolt in 906. More importantly, it paved the way for the Abbasid attack on the autonomous Tulunid dynasty and the reincorporation of the Tulunid domains in southern Syria and Egypt into the Abbasid Caliphate.==Background==The Qarmatians were a radical Isma'ili sect founded in Kufa around 874 by a certain Hamdan Qarmat. Originally a sporadic and minor nuisance in the Sawad, their power grew swiftly to alarming proportions after 897, when they launched a series of uprisings against the Abbasid Caliphate. Denouncing the ''hajj'' and the worship of the Kaaba, as well as the dwelling in cities and the marginalization of the Bedouin as un-Islamic, the Qarmatians began assaulting the other Muslim communities. In this period, the movement was based at Salamiyya on the western edge of the Syrian Desert, and its leadership was assumed by Abdallah, the future founder of the Fatimid Caliphate. Abdallah's claims to be the awaited Mahdi caused a split in the movement in 899, with the majority, including Hamdan Qarmat, rejecting the Fatimid claims and leaving to continue their proselytization elsewhere.The missionary efforts of the remaining Qarmatian movement were redirected beyond the Sawad and quickly bore fruit. Under the leadership of Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, they seized Bahrayn in 899 and in the next year defeated a caliphal army under al-Abbas ibn Amr al-Ghanawi. Another base was established in the area around Palmyra by the missionaries al-Husayn ibn Zikrawayh, known by the name Sahib al-Naqa ("Master of the She-camel") and Yahya, probably al-Husayn's brother, who took the name Sahib al-Shama ("Man with the Mole"). Both in Bahrayn and in Syria, the Qarmatians were able to convert many local Bedouin—the Banu Kalb in Syria and the Banu Kilab and Banu Uqayl in Bahrayn—to their cause, thus acquiring a potent military force. Threatened by the rise of Qarmatian centres around Salamiyya, Abdallah and his followers soon left and travelled secretly to Ifriqiya, where in 909 they would overthrow the ruling Aghlabids and establish the Fatimid state.From their base in the region around Palmyra, the Qarmatians began launching raids against the Abbasid and Tulunid provinces of Syria, with devastating effect. In 902, the Qarmatians defeated the Tulunids under Tughj ibn Juff near al-Raqqah, and laid siege to Damascus. The city was successfully held by Tughj and the Sahib al-Naqa was killed. Leadership passed to the Sahib al-Shama, who led the Qarmatians to ravage Homs, Hama, Ba'albek, Ma'arrat al-Numan and even Salamiyya, where they massacred the members of Abdallah's family that had remained there.」の詳細全文を読む
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